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The first written record of coffee made from roasted coffee beans comes from Arab scholars, who wrote that it was useful in prolonging their working hours. The Arab innovation in Yemen of making a brew from roasted beans, it later spread first among the Turks, and later on found its way around the world. Other scholars believe that the coffee plant was introduced into Yemen from Abyssinia, based on a Yemeni tradition that slips of both coffee and qat were planted at ‘Udein’ (‘the two twigs’) in Yemen in pre-Islamic times.
Coffea arabica, also known as the Arabian coffee, “coffee shrub of Arabia”, “mountain coffee”, or “arabica coffee”, is a species of Coffea. It is believed to be the first species of coffee to be cultivated, and is the dominant cultivar, representing some 60% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean (C. canephora) makes up the preponderance of the balance.
